Allopurinol 100 mg
100 tabletsActive ingredient: Allopurinol
What is Allopurinol 100 and what is it used for?
Allopurinol 100 is a medicine used to inhibit the formation of uric acid (uricostat).
Allopurinol 100 is used with
Adults
- uric acid values in the blood in the range of 8.5 mg / 100 ml and above, as far as dietary measures are not sufficient, or in the case of clinical complications of increased uric acid values, in particular manifest gout, uric acid nephropathy Prevention of the formation of calcium oxalate stones with simultaneous presence of increased uric acid values,
- increased uric acid levels in the blood and increased uric acid excretion in the urine, eg in case of severe cell breakdown, radiation therapy or chemotherapy (secondary hyperuricaemia);
Children
- increased uric acid values in the blood and increased excretion of uric acid in the urine, eg in cases of severe cell breakdown, radiation therapy or chemotherapy (secondary hyperuricaemia),
- uric acid-induced renal impairment (urate nephropathy) in leukemia treatment,
- congenital enzyme deficiency diseases such as Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (partial or total defects of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase) and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency.
What should you watch out for before use?
Allopurinol 100 should not be used
If you are hypersensitive (allergic) to allopurinol or any of the other ingredients of Allopurinol 100.
Take special care with allopurinol 100
The following describes when you should take Allopurinol 100 only under certain conditions and with special caution. Please consult your doctor. This also applies if this information was previously used by you.
According to recent literature recommendations, a drug therapy of 8.5 mg / 100 ml in the blood is superfluous if dietary regulations are observed and no kidney damage is present. Foods with a high purine content (eg, innards such as Bries, kidney, brain, liver, heart and tongue as well as meat extract) and alcohol (especially beer, since guanosine is hereby absorbed, which greatly increases uric acid levels) should be avoided.
In case of hypersensitivity reactions, eg skin rash, allopurinol 100 should be discontinued immediately.
Particularly careful medical supervision is required in cases of impaired renal function, hepatic function or pre-existing disorders of the blood circulation.
In the case of treatment of the gouty and the uric acid stones, the urine volume should be at least 2 liters per day, ie a sufficient supply of liquid must be ensured.
In order to avoid increased uric acid concentrations in the serum or urine, as can occur, for example, in the radiation or chemotherapy of tumors as well as in the congenital enzyme deficiency disease Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, in addition to the administration of allopurinol is an abundant supply of fluids Of a sufficient quantity of urine. Moreover, an alkalization of the urine can help to increase urine excretion by improving the solubility of uric acid.
If renal impairment or other diseases have been impaired by renal function, the dose should be adjusted according to the renal function values (see 3. "How is Allopurinol 100 to be taken?").
In the presence of acute gout attacks, the treatment with allopurinol should be started only after it has completely subsided. At the beginning of the treatment with allopurinol, acute gout attacks can be triggered by the release of uric acid depots. Therefore, simultaneous preventive pain medication or colchicin administration should be considered during the first 4 weeks of treatment.
In the case of large uric acid stones in the renal pelvis, it can not be ruled out that parts of the stones dissolved as a result of an allopurinol treatment can be immobilized in the ureter.
Allopurinol affects the metabolism of many drugs (see "Taking allopurinol 100 with other medicines").
Allopurinol 100 should not be used
If you are hypersensitive (allergic) to allopurinol or any of the other ingredients of Allopurinol 100.
Take special care with allopurinol 100
The following describes when you should take Allopurinol 100 only under certain conditions and with special caution. Please consult your doctor. This also applies if this information was previously used by you.
According to recent literature recommendations, a drug therapy of 8.5 mg / 100 ml in the blood is superfluous if dietary regulations are observed and no kidney damage is present. Foods with a high purine content (eg, innards such as Bries, kidney, brain, liver, heart and tongue as well as meat extract) and alcohol (especially beer, since guanosine is hereby absorbed, which greatly increases uric acid levels) should be avoided.
In case of hypersensitivity reactions, eg skin rash, allopurinol 100 should be discontinued immediately.
Particularly careful medical supervision is required in cases of impaired renal function, hepatic function or pre-existing disorders of the blood circulation.
In the case of treatment of the gouty and the uric acid stones, the urine volume should be at least 2 liters per day, ie a sufficient supply of liquid must be ensured.
In order to avoid increased uric acid concentrations in the serum or urine, as can occur, for example, in the radiation or chemotherapy of tumors as well as in the congenital enzyme deficiency disease Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, in addition to the administration of allopurinol is an abundant supply of fluids Of a sufficient quantity of urine. Moreover, an alkalization of the urine can help to increase urine excretion by improving the solubility of uric acid.
If renal impairment or other diseases have been impaired by renal function, the dose should be adjusted according to the renal function values (see 3. "How is Allopurinol 100 to be taken?").
In the presence of acute gout attacks, the treatment with allopurinol should be started only after it has completely subsided. At the beginning of the treatment with allopurinol, acute gout attacks can be triggered by the release of uric acid depots. Therefore, simultaneous preventive pain medication or colchicin administration should be considered during the first 4 weeks of treatment.
In the case of large uric acid stones in the renal pelvis, it can not be ruled out that parts of the stones dissolved as a result of an allopurinol treatment can be immobilized in the ureter.
Allopurinol affects the metabolism of many drugs (see "Taking allopurinol 100 with other medicines").
pregnancy and breast feeding period
Allopurinol 100 should not be taken during pregnancy, as there is not sufficient experience in humans.
During the lactation, allopurinol should not be used as it passes into the mother's milk.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking / using any medicine.
And the use of machinery
Dizziness, drowsiness or disturbances in the movement sequences can occur as undesirable effects. This can result in a reduction in the driving ability and the ability to operate machines, which can result.
You can not react to unexpected and sudden events quickly and purposefully enough. Do not drive or drive other vehicles, do not operate any electrical tools or machinery, do not work without a safe stop! Keep in mind that alcohol will further aggravate your vandalism.
Before performing these activities, you must be sufficiently sure that allopurinol does not limit your performance.
How is it used?
How is Allopurinol 100 to be taken?
Take Allopurinol 100 exactly as your doctor has told you. Please consult your doctor or pharmacist if you are not sure.
Unless otherwise prescribed by the doctor, the usual dose is
adult
Adults take 1 to 3 tablets of allopurinol 100 (corresponding to 100 to 300 mg of allopurinol per day) daily, depending on the current serum uric acid values.
To reduce the risk of adverse effects, treatment should be initiated with 1 tablet Allopurinol 100 daily (equivalent to 100 mg allopurinol). This dose should be increased only in the case of insufficiently lowered serum uric acid levels in the blood.
In individual cases, the dose can be increased to 6 to 8 tablets of allopurinol 100 daily (corresponding to 600 to 800 mg of allopurinol). For this, blood tests should be performed [the serum oxypurinol level should not exceed 15 μg / ml (100 μmol)]. The dose should be administered throughout the day.
For better tolerability, no more than 3 tablets of allopurinol 100 should be administered as a single dose (corresponding to 300 mg allopurinol).
The daily high dose is 800 mg allopurinol.
children
The daily dose is 10 mg of allopurinol per kilogram of body weight (up to 400 mg per day), divided into three single doses.
Elderly patients
Since specific data on the use of allopurinol are not available in elderly patients, this group should be treated with the lowest dose that can be tolerated therapeutically. In addition, the presence of a restricted renal function is to be taken into consideration, especially in the elderly.
Restricted renal function
Allopurinol and its metabolic products are secreted via the kidneys. A reduced renal function can therefore lead to a longer dwell time of the substance and its metabolic products in the body, and in this way lead to overdosing.
If your kidney function is restricted, allopurinol 100 should therefore be used under special medical supervision. In order to reduce a possible risk, the physician determines the dose required according to the result of a specific blood test (serum creatinine level, which is to be checked regularly) or determination of the creatinine clearance. In the presence of severe renal impairment, a maximum of 100 mg of allopurinol per day (1 tablet Allopurinol 100 Heumann) or single doses of 100 mg allopurinol should be taken at intervals greater than 1 day. The serum oxypurinol level should not exceed 15.2 μg / ml.
Instructions for dosing with impaired renal function are as follows:
Creatinine clearance daily dose
Over 20 ml / min standard dose
10 to 20 ml / min, 100 to 200 mg
Less than 10 ml / min of 100 mg or greater intervals
In carrying out hemodialysis (blood wash), 300 to 400 mg of allopurinol can be administered immediately after each treatment (i.e., 2 or 3 times a week).
Limited liver function
If the hepatic function is impaired, it is advisable to proceed as with a renal function. At the beginning of the treatment, regular liver function tests should also be performed.
type of application
To take.
The tablets are taken without chewing with plenty of liquid (eg a glass of water) whenever possible at the same time after a meal. If the daily total dose of 300 mg allopurinol is exceeded and if gastrointestinal intolerance occurs, the dose should be administered throughout the day.
Please ensure that the fluid is supplied regularly and regularly.
Duration of application
Treatment with allopurinol 100 is usually required over a long period of time. Please take Allopurinol 100 regularly and at the doctor's designated duration.
As with any long-term treatment, continuous monitoring is also necessary. The uric acid levels are to be monitored repeatedly and regularly, while at the same time attention is paid to possible side effects and the need for a continuation of the medication treatment should be checked.
Please discuss with your doctor or pharmacist if you have the impression that the effect of allopurinol 100 is too strong or too weak.
If you have taken a larger amount of allopurinol 100 than you should
A special antidote is not known. After taking 20 g of allopurinol, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dizziness occurred in one patient.
In case of suspicion of poisoning, a physician should be immediately informed, especially when taking azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine at the same time, in order to reduce the further uptake of the medicinal product into the bloodstream or to accelerate the excretion of the medicinal product Ample fluid supply or possibly a hemodialysis (blood wash).
Keep all medicines away from the reach of children and pets.
If you forget to take allopurinol 100
Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose. Please note that allopurinol 100 can only be safe and effective if taken regularly.
If you stop taking allopurinol 100
If you want to discontinue treatment with Allopurinol 100, please contact your doctor.
If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Limited liver function
If the hepatic function is impaired, it is advisable to proceed as with a renal function. At the beginning of the treatment, regular liver function tests should also be performed.
type of application
To take.
The tablets are taken without chewing with plenty of liquid (eg a glass of water) whenever possible at the same time after a meal. If the daily total dose of 300 mg allopurinol is exceeded and if gastrointestinal intolerance occurs, the dose should be administered throughout the day.
Please ensure that the fluid is supplied regularly and regularly.
Duration of application
Treatment with allopurinol 100 is usually required over a long period of time. Please take Allopurinol 100 regularly and at the doctor's designated duration.
As with any long-term treatment, continuous monitoring is also necessary. The uric acid levels are to be monitored repeatedly and regularly, while at the same time attention is paid to possible side effects and the need for a continuation of the medication treatment should be checked.
Please discuss with your doctor or pharmacist if you have the impression that the effect of allopurinol 100 is too strong or too weak.
If you have taken a larger amount of allopurinol 100 than you should
A special antidote is not known. After taking 20 g of allopurinol, symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dizziness occurred in one patient.
In case of suspicion of poisoning, a physician should be immediately informed, especially when taking azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine at the same time, in order to reduce the further uptake of the medicinal product into the bloodstream or to accelerate the excretion of the medicinal product Ample fluid supply or possibly a hemodialysis (blood wash).
Keep all medicines away from the reach of children and pets.
If you forget to take allopurinol 100
Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten dose. Please note that allopurinol 100 can only be safe and effective if taken regularly.
If you stop taking allopurinol 100
If you want to discontinue treatment with Allopurinol 100, please contact your doctor.
If you have any further questions on the use of this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
What are possible side effects?
Taking allopurinol 100 with other medicines
Please tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking or have recently taken any other medicines, including medicines obtained without a prescription.
- Allopurinol slows down the excretion of probenecid (medicinal product which causes increased excretion of uric acid).
- The efficacy of allopurinol is accelerated by concomitant administration of medicinal products which cause increased excretion of uric acid such as probenecid, sulfinpyrazone or salicylate in high doses, thus reducing the effectiveness of allopurinol. The clinical significance of these interactions is assessed by the physician in each individual case.
- If allopurinol is administered concomitantly with 6-mercaptopurine or azathioprine, its dose must be reduced to 25% of the usual dose, since its effect can be prolonged by allopurinol.
- Ampicillin or amoxicillin is more likely to be associated with the onset of allergic reactions (skin rashes) on the antibiotics (medicines used to treat bacterial infections) with simultaneous allopurinol administration. Therefore, if possible, other antibiotics should be given to patients under treatment with allopurinol.
- If concomitant use of allopurinol and captopril are given, the risk of skin reactions can be increased, especially in the case of chronic renal failure.
- Anticoagulants of the dicumarol type, anticoagulant drugs, may be co-promoted with concomitant use with allopurinol. Therefore, a more frequent control of blood coagulation is necessary and, if necessary, a dose reduction of the corresponding anticoagulant is necessary.
- The effect of chlorpropamide can be prolonged when concomitant administration of allopurinol and antihypertensive medicinal products containing chlorpropamide are administered. Therefore, the dose of chlorpropamide should be reduced.
- After taking allopurinol, the inhibition of the metabolism of theophylline-containing drugs prescribed for the treatment of respiratory and heart disease, for example, has been reported. At the beginning of the treatment with allopurinol or when the dose of allopurinol is increased, the theophylline concentration in the blood should therefore be determined.
- If allopurinol is taken with cytostatics (medicines used to treat malignant diseases such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, bleomycin, procarbazine, alkyl halides), changes in the blood count may occur more often than in the case of the respective doses. Blood count checks should therefore be carried out at short intervals.
- The dwell time of vidarabine-containing medicines (drugs for viral diseases) in the body may be prolonged in the presence of allopurinol. Therefore, special attention should be paid when using these medicinal products together, in order to detect any side effects that may occur.
- The concentration of ciclosporin (medicines for the reduction of the body's immune defense) in the blood can be increased with the addition of allopurinol. The possibility of a more frequent occurrence of ciclosporin side effects should therefore be considered.
- The metabolism of phenytoin-containing medicinal products prescribed, for example, for the treatment of epilepsy or in certain severe hereditary diseases may be impaired by allopurinol. Whether this finding is clinically important is not yet known.
What side effects are possible?
Like all medicines, Allopurinol can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them.
The following categories are used for the frequency of side effects:
Very often more than 1 user of 10
Frequently 1 to 10 patients of 100
Occasionally 1 to 10 people treated by 1,000
Rarely 1 to 10 people treated by 10,000
Very rarely less than 1 treated of 10,000
Not known Frequency can not be estimated based on available data
In patients with gout, gout can occur at the beginning of the treatment with allopurinol 100.
The onset of side effects is more frequent in the presence of renal or liver injury, or when administering ampicillin or amoxicillin-containing drugs at the same time.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders
Of the observed side effects, skin reactions that can occur at any time of the treatment are most frequent. They can be noticeable by skin jaw, possibly associated with nodular formation of the skin, skin scaling, punctiform to extensive skin bleeding and rarely with skin peels. If such symptoms occur, allopurinol 100 Heumann should immediately be discontinued and the doctor should be consulted, as serious generalized hypersensitivity reactions may occur.
The hypersensitivity reactions listed below are rare (especially in the event of fatal progression), but they are so serious that Allopurinol 100 must be immediately discontinued and the doctor should be consulted immediately.
Hypersensitivity reactions may be expressed as follows:
Specifically, skin reactions associated with skin discoloration, fever, lymph node disease, augmentation of certain white blood cells (eosinophilia) and joint pain (Stevens-Johnson syndrome), as well as skin changes similar to scalding of the skin (Lyell syndrome) were observed. The associated vascular inflammation (vasculitis), which is also rare, may be noticeable in various ways, for example as liver cell damage (hepatitis), renal inflammation, and very rarely as a spasm.
Furthermore, the following observations have so far been made in individual cases:
Hypersensitivity reactions, including fever, chills, and joint pain. Hepatic impairment (reversible increases in transaminases and alkaline phosphatases) as well as inflammation of the bile ducts and xanthine deposits in the urinary tract.
Very rarely, acute anaphylactic shock has been reported. Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening.
Diseases of the lymph nodes
Very rarely after the administration of allopurinol 100 Heumann was reported the occurrence of a lymph node disease (angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy), which disappeared after discontinuation of the drug.
Hepatic and bile diseases
Rarely, after administration of allopurinol 100 liver function disorders were reported, ranging from an asymptomatic increase in liver values to hepatitis (including liver necrosis and granulomatous hepatitis).
Gastrointestinal disorders
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea may occur after taking allopurinol 100. Patients who are sensitive to the stomach should pay particular attention to the consumption of the tablets after eating with sufficient drinking.
Blood and lymphatic system disorders
In individual cases, changes in the white blood count (leukopenia, leukocytosis, granulocytosis, eosinophilia) have been reported in the context of the administration of allopurinol 100.
Particularly in patients with renal dysfunction, severe bone marrow damage (thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia) may occasionally occur. Patients with renal insufficiency should therefore advise their physician about this condition to ensure careful monitoring of their blood count.
Other
In addition, the following observations were also made in individual cases after taking allopurinol 100:
General physical weakness (asthenia); General malaise; Appearance of suppurative inflammations of the skin (furunculosis); Unconsciousness; High blood pressure; Blood in the urine (hematuria); Bloody vomiting; Bowel disease; One or two-sided enlargement of the male mammary gland, as well as pale swelling of the skin and mucous membrane, especially in the facial region (quinque edema); Sensory disturbances (paresthesia); Inflammation of the oral mucosa; Increase in blood lipids (hyperlipemia); Taste changes; Balance disturbances; Hair loss; Throat inflammations (angina); Impotence; Headache; Abnormal elevation of urine in the blood (uremia); Symptoms of paralysis; Muscle aches; Nerve inflammation (peripheral neuritis); Nervous disorders; Sleepiness; Dizziness; Sad depression; Ejaculation in sleep; Blurred vision; Opacity of the ocular lens (cataract); Infertility; Changes in the retina of the eye (macular degeneration); Discolored hair; Slowing of the heartbeat; Increased excretion of fat in the stool; Increased water accumulation in the tissue (edema); Diabetes disease (diabetes mellitus).
Countermeasures
In case of skin reactions (which can be noticeable by skin jaw, possibly combined with nodular formation of the skin, skin scaling, punctiform to areal skin bleeding and rarely with skin peeling), you should not take Allopurinol 100 any further. In these cases, consult your doctor.
In cases of acute general, possibly life-threatening, hypersensitivity reactions (anaphylactic shock), the nearest physician must immediately be informed so that the necessary emergency measures can be initiated. Allopurinol 100 should not be used in this case.
If any of the side effects gets serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in this leaflet, please tell your doctor or pharmacist.
How should it be stored?
store drug out of reach of children
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